معرفی روش های کاربردی مختلف در ارزیابی میدانی تعادل و کنترل پاسچر

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، گروه بهداشت و طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: بسیاری از فعالیت­ های روزانه و مهارت ­های ورزشی، به تعادل در حالت ایستا و پویا نیازمند است، همچنین به‌عنوان یک عنصر بسیار مهم در پیشگیری از آسیب ­ها قلمداد می‌شود؛ لذا هدف از مطالعه حاضر، معرفی روش ­های میدانی مختلف، و میزان اعتبار آنها، جهت ارزیابی تعادل و کنترل پاسچر افراد می ­باشد.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعات مروری سیستماتیک، با استفاده از بررسی متون، و پایگاه ­های PubMed، Science Direct، Google Scholar، Scopus، Sport Discus، و همچنین در پایگاه ­های فارسی SID، MedLib، CIVILICA، ISC با محدودیت زمانی 2000 تا 2021 و کلید واژه ­های Balance، Posture Control، Functional Test، Stability برای موتورهای جستوجوگر خارجی و از کلید واژه ­های تعادل، کنترل پاسچر، تست عملکردی، و ثبات برای موتورهای جستوجوگر داخلی استفاده گردید. تعداد 934 مقاله بررسی شد که 16 مقاله مورد قبول واقع گردید.
یافته‌ها: 16 مقاله ­ای که براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شده بودند به ­طور عمده روش­ های مختلف میدانی ارزیابی تعادل و میزان دقت آن­ ها را معرفی نمودند. با توجه به اینکه روش ­های دستگاهی مختلفی برای ارزیابی تعادل معرفی شده­ اند، اما تهیه آن­ ها بسیار پرهزینه می­ باشد. حال آن­که امروزه متخصصین به دنبال روش­ های آسان و کم ­هزینه بوده تا بتوانند به سنجش قابلیت ­ها، از جمله تعادل بپردازند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به­ منظور انتخاب مناسب‌ترین آزمون برای امور بالینی، آشنا بودن با آزمون‌های تعادل الزامی می‌باشد. همچنین، ارزیابی های عملکردی تعادل، اطلاعاتی را درباره توانایی آزمودنی در انجام دادن فعالیت­ ها به­ طور مستقل فراهم می‌کند و به‌عنوان آزمون غربالگری برای شناسایی افراد در معرض آسیب کاربرد دارد.

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