تاثیر زمان روز و تکلیف دوگانه شناختی بر متغیرهای فضایی-زمانی راه رفتن در سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد بیومکانیک ورزشی، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: راه رفتن عملکردی خودکار نیست و تکالیف شناختی می‌توانند در کنترل تحرک و تعادل افراد سالمند حین راه رفتن تأثیر داشته باشند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر زمان روز بر پارامترهای فضایی، زمانی و مکانی گام‌برداری با و بدون تکلیف دوگانه شناختی در سالمندان است.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعات توصیفی- تحلیلی بود. ۲۴ سالمند زن و مرد با دامنه‌ی سنی۷۰-۶۰ سال شرکت کردند. پس از کنترل معیارهای ورود و خروج، آزمودنی‌ها وارد مطالعه شدند. افراد در دو وضعیت راه رفتن طبیعی و راه رفتن با تکلیف دوگانه شناختی، یک مسیر ۱۰ متری را در دو زمان مختلف روز طی کردند. پارامترهای فضایی، زمانی و مکانی از طریق دوربین‌های آنالیز حرکت ثبت و سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار کورتکس برحسب درصدی از طول چرخه راه رفتن استخراج شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس دوراهه با سطح معنی‌ داری ۰/۰۵ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد راه رفتن با اجرای تکلیف دوگانه نسبت به راه رفتن عادی موجب کاهش کادنس و سرعت راه رفتن می‌شود. همچنین مدت زمان‌های استپ، استراید، حمایت دوگانه و یگانه، استقرار و نوسان در راه رفتن با تکلیف دوگانه نسبت به راه رفتن عادی کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد (۰/۰۵≥p). پارامترها فضایی، زمانی و مکانی راه رفتن در زمان‌های مختلف روز و در حالت برهمکنش زمان روز و حالت راه رفتن تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان ندادند.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر زمان روز تأثیری بر پارامترهای گامبرداری ندارد، در حالی‌که اجرای هم زمان تکلیف دوگانه شناختی میتواند موجب اختلال گیت راه رفتن و به تبع آن افزایش احتمال سقوط و زمین خوردن در سالمندان گردد.

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