تاثیر تمرینات عصبی-عضلانی بر تعادل، قدرت و استقامت هوازی مردان سالمند دارای سابقه سقوط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا

2 استادیار گروه بهداشت و طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی ، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: سالمندی با کاهش ظرفیت فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی در ارتباط است که می تواند باعث افزایش ناتوانی، کاهش تعادل و افتادن شود در حالی که تمرینات عصبی-عضلانی یکی از تمرینات موثر در زمینه توانبخشی و آمادگی افراد می باشد که دارای مکانیسم تاثیر گذاری بر روی سیستم های آسیب دیده یا کم توان می باشد. بنابراین؛ هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرینات عصبی-عضلانی بر تعادل، قدرت و عملکرد حرکتی مردان سالمند دارای سابقه افتادن است.
روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر از نوع نیمه‌تجربی بوده و شرکت‌کنندگان آن شامل مردان سالمند با سابقه سقوط بودند. مطالعه بر روی 21 نفر از سالمندان مرد (10 نفر گروه تمرینی، 11نفر گروه کنترل) که دارای معیارهای ورود به پژوهش بودند و به ‌روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس برای پژوهش انتخاب شدند، انجام گردید. برنامه تمرین به مدت هشت هفته (سه جلسه در هفته) انجام گرفت. تعادل ایستا، قدرت عضلات بالاتنه و پایین تنه، عملکرد عصبی-عضلانی و استقامت هوازی قبل و بعد از مداخله اندازه‌گیری گردید. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل  و t  همبسته (در سطح معناداری 005/0P< ) انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که؛ تمرین عصبی-عضلانی سبب بهبود معنی دار تعادل ایستا (001/0=p)، قدرت عضلات بالاتنه (001/0=p)، قدرت عضلات پایین تنه (001/0=p)، عملکرد عصبی-عضلانی (001/0=p) و استقامت هوازی (001/0=p)  در گروه تمرین نسبت به گروه کنترل میشود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه خطر سقوط در افراد سالمند بسیار شایع است، لذا توصیه می شود از برنامه‌های تمرین عصبی-عضلانی برای بهبود تعادل، قدرت عضلانی، عملکرد عصبی عضلانی و استقامت هوازی استفاده گردد.

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