بررسی اثربخشی تمرینات قدرتی منتخب در سطح ناپایدار و آب درمانی بر قدرت عضلات اندام تحتانی، تعادل و ترس از سقوط افراد سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر بخشی تمرینات قدرتی منتخب در سطح ناپایدار و آب درمانی بر قدرت عضلات اندام تحتانی، تعادل و ترس از سقوط افراد سالمند می‌باشد.
روش ­بررسی: این پژوهش در یک طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون انجام شد. آزمودنی‌ها شامل 36 مرد سالمند 60 تا 70 ساله بودند که به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 12 نفری قدرتی، آب درمانی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. برای ارزیابی تعادل ایستا، تعادل پویا، قدرت عضلانی اندام تحتانی و ترس از سقوط به ترتیب از آزمون شارپند رومبرگ و آزمون زمان برخاستن و رفتن، برخاستن از روی صندلی وFalls Efficacy Scale International استفاده شد. گروه تمرینات قدرتی (تمرینات قدرتی در سطح ناپایدار) و گروه آب درمانی (تمرینات آب درمانی) را برای 8 هفته انجام دادند. گروه کنترل برنامه تمرینی خاصی نداشت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون کوواریانس و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 25 استفاده گردید.
یافته ­ها: پس از مداخلات، قدرت تحتانی در گروه قدرتی (001/0=P) و آب درمانی (01/0=P) افزایش معناداری داشت. تعادل ایستا در گروه قدرتی (001/0=P) و آب درمانی (005/0=P) بهبود معنادار یافت. تعادل پویا در گروه قدرتی (001/0=P) و آب درمانی (008/0=P) افزایش معناداری داشت. ترس از سقوط در گروه قدرتی (001/0=P) و آب درمانی (001/0=P) افزایش معناداری داشت. هیچ کدام از متغیرها در گروه کنترل معنادار نبود.
نتیجه­ گیری: با بکارگیری تمرینات قدرتی در سطح ناپایدار و ورزش در آب به علت ماهیت کم خطر بودن می‌توان قدرت اندام تحتانی، تعادل و کاهش خطر سقوط افراد سالمند را بهبود بخشید.

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