Background and Aim: Alzheimer's disease, decline, is associated with motor disorders such as increased fall risk and reduced walking capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective and preventive effects of 12 weeks of multicomponent exercise on fall risk, balance, daily function, and walking capacity in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design and a control group was conducted on 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age 73.51 ± 5.13 years, MMSE range: 27‑30). Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=20; 12 weeks of multicomponent exercise including aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility training, three sessions/week, 60 minutes per session) and a control group (n=23; usual care). Fall risk,, activities of daily living (Barthel Index), balance (Berg Balance Scale and TUG), and walking endurance (6‑minute walk test) were assessed at baseline and at week 12. Data were analyzed using mixed repeated‑measures ANOVA.

Findings: After 12 weeks, the exercise group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in the Barthel Index (ηp²=0.38, p<0.001), TUG (ηp²=0.80, p<0.001), standing stork test (1.83 cm, p<0.001, ηp²=0.49), Berg Balance Scale (ηp²=0.54, p<0.001), 6‑minute walk test (ηp²=0.31, p<0.001), and quality of life (ηp²=0.29, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Twelve weeks of MCT significantly improved fall risk, balance, daily function, and walking capacity in patients. These findings reinforce the potential role of MCT in the neuroprotective and preventive effects of physical activity and emphasize the importance of exercise interventions in the early stages of the disease.