Evaluating the Efficacy of Deep-Water Exercises for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Assistant Professors, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran.

2 MSc. Student, in Sports Injury and Corrective Movements, Omran and Development University, Hamadan.

10.22084/rsr.2025.31056.1779

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common condition that significantly affects the quality of life and functional ability of individuals. Traditional rehabilitation methods often have variable results, which has led to the search for alternative treatments, such as deep water exercises. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of deep water exercises as a therapeutic intervention for people suffering from chronic low back pain. Methods: A comprehensive search of the scientific literature was conducted in several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, focusing on randomized controlled trials and observational studies published in the past decade. Studies that evaluated the effect of deep water exercises on pain levels, functional capacity, and quality of life in adults with CLBP were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a diverse sample of participants with varying degrees of chronic low back pain. Findings consistently showed that deep water exercises significantly reduced pain intensity and improved functional outcomes compared to control groups. Specifically, participants reported increased mobility and decreased pain-related disability. Interventions varied in duration and frequency, with most studies recommending 30- to 60-minute sessions, 2 to 3 times per week. Conclusion: Deep water exercises are a promising intervention for the management of chronic low back pain, demonstrating significant benefits in reducing pain and improving function. These findings support the inclusion of aquatic therapies in rehabilitation programs for CLBP.

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