The effect of online resistance training along with educational text messages based on the health belief model on bone health and preventive behaviors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with osteopenia

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A. Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Asistance Profesor Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aim: The closure of sports centers during the Covid-19 pandemic exposed women to osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was the effectiveness of 24 weeks of resistance exercises with online supervision along with educational text messages on bone health indicators and preventive behaviors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with osteopenia during the Corona era.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 20 postmenopausal women with osteopenia with an average age (52±3.46) performed a bone density test using a DXA device and completed the health belief pattern questionnaire. Then they were randomly divided into two groups of 10 people. The experimental group did resistance exercises online for 6 months and received educational text messages based on the health belief model, and the control group returned to their normal lives without intervention.
Results: The results of the research showed that during 6 months of resistance training of the experimental group, there was a significant increase in the mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae, the mineral content of the femur and lumbar vertebrae, the T score of the femur and lumbar vertebrae, and the Z score of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. Lumbar vertebrae compared to the control group (p<0.005). Educational text messages increased the average scores in the structure of perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy in the experimental group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of resistance exercises and educational text messages on bone index and preventive behaviors of osteoporosis, this type of intervention is an effective strategy for preventing osteoporosis in women prone to this disease.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Al-Muraikhi, H., Chehab, M. A., Said, H., & Selim, N. (2017). “Assessing health beliefs about osteoporosis among women attending primary health care centres in Qatar”. Journal of Taibah University medical sciences, 12(4), 349-355.
Aquino, M., DiMenna, F. J.,  Petrizzo, J., Otto, R. M., & Wygand, J. (2020a). “Power Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Fall Risk for a Postmenopausal Woman with a History of Osteoporosis and Increased Risk of Falling”. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 24(3): 44-9
Aquino, M., DiMenna, F. J., Petrizzo, J., Otto, R. M., & Wygand, J. (2020b). “Power training improves bone mineral density and fall risk for a postmenopausal woman with a history of osteoporosis and increased risk of falling: A case report”. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 24(3), 44-49.
Arazi, H., Eghbali, E., Saeedi, T., & Moghadam, R. (2016). “The relationship of physical activity and anthropometric and physiological characteristics to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Densitometry”, 19(3), 382-388. (In Persian) 
Battafarano, G., Rossi, M., Marampon, F., Minisola, S., & Del Fattore, A. (2020). “Bone control of muscle function”. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(4), 1178.
Bayat, N., Haji, A. Z., Ali, S. G. H., Ebadi, A., Hosseini, M. A. S., & Lalouei, A. (2008). Frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia in post-menopausal military family’s women. (In Persian)
Bliuc, D., Alarkawi, D., Nguyen, T. V., Eisman, J. A., & Center, J. R. (2015). “Risk of subsequent fractures and mortality in elderly women and men with fragility fractures with and without osteoporotic bone density: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study”. Journal of bone and mineral research, 30(4) 637- 646.
Castillo-Mayén, R., Cano-Espejo, C., Luque, B., Cuadrado, E., Gutiérrez-Domingo, T., Arenas, A., … Tabernero, C. (2020). “Influence of self-efficacy and motivation to follow a healthy diet on life satisfaction of patients with cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal study”. Nutrients, 12(7), 1903.
Chelf, S., Davis, R. E., Bass, M. A., Ford, M. A., Firouzabadi, A. D., Leo, J. T., & Nahar, V. K. (2022). “Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs among middle-aged men and women in the Southern United States”. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 122(9): 453-9.
Conceição, M. S., Bonganha, V., Vechin, F. C., de Barros Berton, R. P., Lixandrão, M. E., Nogueira, F. R. D., . . . Libardi, C. A. (2013). “Sixteen weeks of resistance training can decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome in healthy postmenopausal women". Clinical interventions in aging, 8, 1221.
Cruz, A. S., Lins, H. C., Medeiros, R. V. A., José Filho, M. F., & da Silva, S. G. (2018). “Artificial intelligence on the identification of risk groups for osteoporosis, a general review”. Biomedical engineering online, 17(1), 12.
Daly, R. M., Dalla Via, J., Duckham, R. L., Fraser, S. F., & Helge, E. W. (2019). “Exercise for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an evidence-based guide to the optimal prescription”. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 23(2), 170-180.
Dane Hansen, F., Bazell, C., Pelizzari, P., & Bruce Pyenson, F. (2019). Medicare cost of osteoporotic fractures.
Doheny, M. O., Sedlak, C. A., Estok, P. J., & Zeller, R. (2007). “Osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and DXA T-scores in men and women 50 years of age and older. Orthopaedic Nursing”, 26(4), 243-250.
Formenti, A. M., Pedone, E., di Filippo, L., Ulivieri, F. M., & Giustina, A. (2020). “Are women with osteoporosis treated with denosumab at risk of severe COVID-19?”. Endocrine, 70(2), 203-205.
Frost, H. M. (1996). Perspectives: a proposed general model of the “mechanostat” (suggestions from a new skeletal‐biologic paradigm). The Anatomical Record: An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 244(2), 139-147.
Gallegos, D., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J., & Parkinson, J. (2014). “Can a text message a week improve breastfeeding?”, BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 14(1), 374.
Ghasemi, S., Sadeghi, H., Basiri, Z., & Tahamoli Roudsari, A. (2017). “Effect of exercises in water on bone density in premenopausal women”. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 15(2), 40-45. (In Persian)
Girgis, C. M., & Clifton-Bligh, R. J. (2020). "Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19”. Osteoporosis international, 1. 31:1189-91
Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2015). Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
Gómez-Cabello, A., Ara, I., González-Agüero, A., Casajús, J., & Vicente-Rodriguez, G. (2012). “Effects of training on bone mass in older adults”. Sports Medicine, 42(4), 301-325.
Hauschka, P. V., Lian, J. B., Cole, D. E., & Gundberg, C. M. (1989). “Osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein: vitamin K-dependent proteins in bone”. Physiological reviews, 69(3), 990-1047.
Hazavehei, S. M., Taghdisi, M. H., & Saidi, M. (2007). “Application of the Health Belief Model for osteoporosis prevention among middle school girl students, Garmsar, Iran”. Education for health, 20(1), 23. (In Persian)  
Hettchen, M., von Stengel, S., Kohl, M., Murphy, M. H., Shojaa, M., Ghasemikaram, M., … Benedetti, M. G. Changes in Menopausal Risk Factors in Early Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women After 13 Months of High-Intensity Exercise: The Randomized Controlled ACTLIFE-RCT. Clinical interventions in aging, 16, 83-96.
Holubiac, I. Ș., Leuciuc, F. V., Crăciun, D. M., & Dobrescu, T. (2022). “Effect of Strength Training Protocol on Bone Mineral Density for Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia/ Osteoporosis Assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)”. Sensors, 22(5), 1904.
Johansson, H., Siggeirsdóttir, K., Harvey, N. C., Odén, A., Gudnason, V., McCloskey, E., . . . Kanis, J. A. (2017). “Imminent risk of fracture after fracture”. Osteoporosis International, 28(3), 775-780.
Johnson, E. (2008). The relationship of environmental, social and individual factors and physical activity participation level in young adults.
Kato, T., Tomioka, T., Yamashita, T., Yamamoto, H., Sugajima, Y., & Ohnishi, N. (2020). “Nordic Walking Increases Distal Radius Bone Mineral Content in Young Women”. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(2), 237.
Keerthana, B., Abraham, M., Kamalakannan, M., & Dev, R. (2019). “A study to find the effect of weight-bearing exercise on the bone mineral density in the osteoporotic femur in postmenopausal women”. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(1), 155-157.
Khani Jeihooni, A., Hidarnia, A., & Hajizadeh, E. (2017). “The predictors of osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women based on health belief model”. Journal of Research and Health, 7(4), 971-978.(in Persian)
Küçükçakır, N., Altan, L., & Korkmaz, N. (2013). “Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis”. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 17(2), 204-211.
Manaye S, Cheran K, Murthy C, Bornemann EA,   Kamma HK, Alabbas M, et al. (2023). The Role of High-intensity and High-impact Exercises in Improving Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus; 15(2).
Manson, J. E., Greenland, P., LaCroix, A. Z., Stefanick, M. L., Mouton, C. P., Oberman, A., . . . Siscovick, D. S. (2002). “Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. New England”. journal of medicine, 347(10), 716-725.
Massini, D. A., Nedog, F. H., de Oliveira, T. P., Almeida, T. A., Santana, C. A., Neiva, C. M., … Santos, F. J. (2022). The Effect of Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Paper presented at the Healthcare.
Moreira, L. D. F., Oliveira, M. L. d., Lirani-Galvão, A. P., Marin-Mio, R. V., Santos, R. N. d., & Lazaretti-Castro, M. (2014). “Physical exercise and osteoporosis: effects of different types of exercises on bone and physical function of postmenopausal women”. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 58(5), 514- 522.
Mosti, M. P., Kaehler, N., Stunes, A. K., Hoff, J., & Syversen, U. (2013). “Maximal strength training in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia”. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(10), 2879-2886.
Nieman, D. C., & Wentz, L. M. (2019). “The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system”. Journal of sport and health science, 8(3), 201-217.
Pelletier, L. G., Guertin, C., & Rocchi, M. (2017). The distinctive roles of perceptions of health risks and benefits, self-efficacy, and motivation in the awareness, initiation, and maintenance of healthy behaviors. (135–165)
Petersen, B. A., Hastings, B., & Gottschall, J. S. (2015). “Low load, high repetition resistance training program increases bone mineral density in untrained adults”. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(1-2), 70-76.
Pimenta, L. D., Massini, D. A., Santos, D. D., Siqueira, L. O. D. C., Sancassani, A., Santos, L. G. A. D., . . . Pessôa, D. M. (2019). “Women’s femoral mass content correlates to muscle strength independently of lean body mass”. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 25, 485-489.
Richardson, J. T. E. (2011). “Eta Squared and Partial Eta Squared as Measures of Effect Size in Educational Research”. Educational Research Review, 6, 135-147.
Rulu, P., Dhall, M., Tyagi, R., Devi, K. S., Feroz, N., Kapoor, S., … Thakur, S. (2019). “Factors Influencing Bone Mineral Density Among Adults of Delhi: A Gender Differential”. Journal of Health Management, 21(2), 199-209.
Salama, T. R., Ahamed, M. A., Elsayied, H. A., & Mohamed, N. A. Health belief model for prevention of osteoporosis among adolescent girls. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32, 3.
Sharifirad, G. H., Hazavehie, S. M. M., Mohebi, S., Rahimi, M. A., & Hasanzadeh, A. (2006). The effect of educational programme based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on the foot care by type II diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 8(3), 231-239 .(In Persian)
Souza, D., Barbalho, M., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Martins, W., & Gentil, P. (2020). High and low-load resistance training produce similar effects on bone mineral density of middle-aged and older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Experimental Gerontology, 110973.
Stanghelle, B., Bentzen, H., Giangregorio, L., Pripp, A. H., Skelton, D., & Bergland, A. (2020). Effects of a resistance and balance exercise programme on physical fitness, health-related quality of life and fear of falling in older women with osteoporosis and vertebral fracture: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis international, 1-10.
Turner, C. H., & Robling, A. G. (2005). “Mechanisms by which exercise improves bone strength”. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 23(1), 16-22.
Turner, L. W., Hunt, S. B., Dibrezzo, R., & Jones, C. (2004). “Design and implementation of an osteoporosis prevention program using the health belief model”. American journal of health studies, 19(2), 115.
Wandabwa, J. M. M. (2021). Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Attitudes of Osteoporosis in Women Aged 18-52 Years at Gatundu Level IV and Thika Level V Hospitals, Kiambu County. JKUAT-COHES.
Watson, S. L., Weeks, B. K., Weis, L. J., Horan, S. A., & Beck, B. R. (2015). “Heavy resistance training is safe and improves bone, function, and stature in postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass: novel early findings from the LIFTMOR trial”. Osteoporosis international, 26(12), 2889-2894.
World Health, O. (2020). Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (‎‎‎nCoV)‎‎‎ infection: interim guidance, 10 January 2020. Retrieved from.
Zamanian, M., Rahnama, N., Lenjan Nejadian Sh, S. M. R., & Salesi, M. (2012). “Effects of a selected exercises program on quality of life in elderly women”. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 8(4), 1-9.
 
Journal for Research in Sport Rehabilitation
Volume 11, Issue 21 - Serial Number 21
September 2023
Pages 65-79

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics