وضعیت بدنی و آسیب‌های ورزشی شایع در مردان نخبه کاراته‌کار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه بهداشت و طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه بهداشت و طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: اختصاصی‌بودن تمرین‌های ورزشی و تمرینات با الگوی تکراری می‌تواند بر سیستم اسکلتی-عضلانی تأثیرگذار باشد. هدف مطالعه‌ی حاضر، بررسی و مقایسه ناهنجاری‌های پاسچرال و آسیب‌های ورزشی کاراته‌کاران سبک کاتا و کومیته است.
روش بررسی: 38 کاراته‌کار نخبه (20 نفر کومیته، 18نفر کاتا) آزمودنی‌های تحقیق را تشکیل دادند. به منظور اندازه‌گیری کف‌پای صاف از شاخص استاهلی، برای ارزیابی ناهنجاری‌های زانو از کالیپر، برای اندازه‌گیری میزان زاویه Q از گونیامتر یونیورسیال، برای اندازه‌گیری میزان کایفوز و لوردوز از خط‌کش منعطف و برای اندازه‌گیری میزان شیوع آسیب‌دیدگی از فرم جمع‌آوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. به منظور مقایسه این دو گروه از آزمون تی‌مستقل و برای مقایسه شیوع آسیب‌دیدگی از تست خی دو استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون تی مستقل نشان داد که بین میزان شاخص استاهلی کف پا (00/0P=) در گروه کومیته و کاتا، تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. اما بین کایفوز سینه‌ای (53/0P=)، لوردوز کمری (06/0P=)، زاویه Q (54/0P=)، فاصله کندیل‌های داخلی ران (86/0P=) و میزان فاصله قوزک‌های داخلی مچ پا (78/0P=) تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد (05/0<P). همچنین بیشترین شیوع آسیب‌دیدگی مربوط به اندام تحتانی (4%/58) بود. 
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج مطالعه حاضر می‌توان بیان کرد که ورزش کاراته به‌دلیل نوع تمرینات ویژه و الگوی حرکات تکراری رایج می‌تواند بر وضعیت بدنی ورزشکاران تأثیر بگذارد. نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات طولانی‌مدت کاراته منجر به افزایش میزان شیوع کف‌پای صاف و زاویه Q ران در گروه کاتا و افزایش لوردوز کمری در گروه کومیته شده‌ است. همچنین نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین میزان آسیب‌دیدگی در اندام تحتانی این ورزشکاران است. 

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