مقایسه زوایای مختلف مفصل زانو بر فعال‌سازی عضلات منتخب ران در حرکت پل خوابیده به پشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه تندرستی و بازتوانی در ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه تندرستی و بازتوانی در ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: یکی از راه های تغییر در فعالیت عضلات اکستنسور ران و تنه در تمرین پل، تغییر در زاویه خم شدن زانو و استفاده از سطوح ناپایدار است. تحقیق حاضر در نظر دارد حرکت پل در زوایای مختلف خم شدن زانو در سطح ناپایدار را بر فعال­ سازی عضلات منتخب ران فوتبالیست­ های مرد جوان مقایسه کند.
روش بررسی: 18 فوتبالیست جوان حرکت پل روی بوسو بال با زوایای مفصل زانو در وضعیت‌های اکستنشن کامل، 45 و 90 درجه فلکشن را انجام دادند و مقدار و زمان شروع فعالیت عضلات منتخب ران با استفاده از دستگاه الکترومیوگرافی ارزیابی شد.
یافته‌ها: تفاوت معناداری در میزان فعالیت عضلات نیمه وتری، دوسر رانی، سرینی بزرگ و سرینی میانی در زوایای مختلف زانو وجود داشت (001/0=P). همچنین تفاوت معناداری در زمان شروع فعالیت عضله سرینی میانی در زوایای مختلف زانو مشاهده شد (005/0=P)؛ اما تفاوت معناداری در زمان شروع فعالیت عضلات نیمه وتری (52/0P=)، دوسر رانی (12/0P=) و سرینی بزرگ (40/0P=) در زوایای مختلف زانو وجود نداشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: برای تقویت عضلات همسترینگ، حرکت پل با زاویه­ های فلکشن کمتر زانو (به ترتیب اکستنشن کامل، 45 درجه و 90 درجه فلکشن زانو) و برای تقویت عضلات گلوتئال، حرکت پل با زاویه­ های فلکشن بیشتر زانو (به ترتیب 90 درجه، 45 درجه و اکستنشن کامل زانو) مؤثر­تر است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که حرکت پل روی بوسو بال با 45 درجه فلکشن زانو می­تواند عضله سرینی میانی را زود­تر فعال کند؛ بنابراین، طبق داده ­های مطالعه حاضر می‌توان از این تمرینات در زوایای مختلف مفصل زانو با اهداف خاص و با توجه به نیاز در افراد مختلف استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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